Thursday, September 26, 2013

Emerging 4G Technology and Its Application toward Smart Home


        4G technology standing as Fourth Generation is the upcoming next generation technology which will wipe its predecessor 3G out of the surface of the world. There really is no clear definition of what 4G will be. It is generally accepted that 4G will be a super-enhanced version of 3G – i.e., an entirely packet switched network with all digital network elements and extremely high available bandwidth. For the most part, it is believed that 4G will bring true multimedia capabilities such as high-speed data access and video conferencing to the handset.    It is also envisioned that 4G systems will be deployed with software defined   radios,   allowing the equipment to be upgraded to new protocols and services via software upgrades. 4G also holds the promise of worldwide roaming using a single handheld device.  Smart home (home automation) technology was inspired when the remote control first started being introduced in houses. Popularity has increased since the turn of the twenty-first century and continues to capture the general public's interest. A smart home is any house specifically designed to accommodate the needs of the occupant(s) by means of automation. Smart homes can have advanced features such as presence detection or simple features such as voice activation or sensors.
  The definition of these two terms: 4G technology and Smart home has given us the way to observe that the applications of the 4G technology directly respond to the requirement and exigencies of smart home. Therefore let’s show how emerging 4G Technologies and Its Application lead toward Smart Home

Smart homes

A smart home is a residence equipped with technology that enhances safety of patients at home and monitors their health conditions. Worldwide, smart home initiatives are demonstrating the potential of technology to support aging. The Aware Home developed by Georgia Tech in the United States, for example,
is a project developed in two identical independent living spaces that allow for controlled experiments with technology . In Sweden, the SmartBo project explores the use of sensors, visual and tactile signaling devices, and speech synthesizers for elders with mobility impairments and cognitive disabilities. The PROSAFE project in France uses infrared sensors to identify abnormal behavior and to collect
Representative data on Alzheimer’s patients’ nocturnal and daily activity. The “HospitalWithoutWalls” in Australia is a project that includes a wireless fall monitoring system in which patients at home wear small sensors that measure
heart rate and body movement.

Emerging 4G technology



4G Applications and Their Benefits to Public Safety


One of the most notable advanced applications for 4G systems is location based services. 4G location applications would be based on visualized, virtual navigation
schemes that would support a remote database containing graphical representations of streets, buildings, and other physical characteristics of a large metropolitan area. This database could be accessed by a subscriber in a moving vehicle equipped with the appropriate wireless device, which would provide the platform on which would appear a virtual representation of the environment ahead.
For example, one would be able to see the internal layout of a building during an
Emergency rescue. This type of application is sometimes referred to as Tele geo-processing, which is a combination of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) working in concert over a high-capacity wireless mobile system. Tele geo-processing over 4G networks will make it possible for the public safety community to have wireless operational functionality and specialized applications for everyday operations, as well as for crisis management. The emergence of next generation wireless technologies will enhance the effectiveness of the existing methods used by public safety. 3G technologies and beyond could possibly bring the following new features to public safety:

Virtual navigation: As described, a remote database contains the graphical representation of streets, building, and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this database are transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle,
where a rendering program permits the occupants to visualize the environment
ahead. They may also "virtually" see the internal layout of buildings to plan an emergency rescue or to plan to engage hostile elements hidden in the building.

Tele-medicine: A paramedic assisting a victim of a traffic accident in a remote location could access medical records (e.g.-rays) and establish a video conference so that a remotely based surgeon could provide “on-scene” assistance. In such a
Circumstance, the paramedic could relay the victim's vital information (recorded locally) back to the hospital in real time, for review by the surgeon.

Crisis-management applications: These arise, for example, as a result of natural disasters where the entire communications infrastructure is in disarray. In such circumstances restoring communications quickly is essential. With wideband wireless mobile communications, both limited and complete communications capabilities, including Internet and video services, could be set up in a matter of
hours. In comparison, it may take days or even weeks to re-establish communications capabilities when a wire-line network is rendered inoperable.


Limitations of 4G

Although the concept of 4G communications shows much promise, there are still limitations that must be addressed. One major limitation is operating area.
Although 2G networks are becoming more ubiquitous, there are still many areas not served. Rural areas and many buildings in metropolitan areas are not being served well by existing wireless networks. This limitation of today’s networks will carry over into future generations of wireless systems.
The hype that is being created by 3G networks is giving the general public unrealistic expectations of always on, always available, anywhere, anytime communications. The public must realize that although high-speed data communications will be delivered, it will not be equivalent to the wired Internet – at least not at first. If measures are not taken now to correct perception issues, when 3G and later 4G services are deployed, there may be a great deal of disappointment associated with the deployment of the technology, and perceptions could become negative. If this were to happen, neither 3G nor 4G may realize its full potential. Another limitation is cost. The equipment required to implement a next generation network is still very expensive. Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure that expenses are kept realistic.
One technique currently being implemented in Asian networks is a Pay-Per-Use model of services. This model will be difficult to implement in the United States, where the public is used to a service-for-free model (e.g., the Internet).

Conclusion

Emerging 4G technology networks may eventually deliver on all the promises. At times, it seems that technological advances are being made on a daily basis. These advances will make high speed data/voice-over-Internet-protocol (VoIP) networks a reality. In the meantime, it is important for industry to develop a strong 3G offering that is palatable for the general public. Equally as important, industry must ensure that expectations are realistic and that services meet and exceed those expectations. If all goes according to what the industry envisions, it may be sooner, rather than later that we will see wireless communications evolve. This evolution will give the general public as well as the public safety community amazing functionality from the convenience of a single handheld device. Even though the emerging fourth generation technology and its application still present some short coming, in general we can affirm with satisfaction that its growth is going on in accordance with the requirements of smart homes.
   This expansion of the 4G technology will fulfill in a near future the smart homes dreams so dear to the research community and technology users today.

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